An Ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Agriculture: Energy Use Efficiency in the American South [Hardcover]

Modern industrial agriculture is not sustainable because of its heavy reliance on petroleum, a non-renewable source of the energy used in farming, and because of pollution caused by petroleum products such as fertilizers and pesticides. A systems analysis of farming suggests that agriculture will be more sustainable when services of nature, such as nutrient recycling by soil micro-organisms and natural controls of insects, replace the services now provided by energy from petroleum. Examples are drawn from the Southeastern USA, but lessons learned can be applied worldwide. ?????

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A Systems (Holistic) Approach to Sustainable Agriculture.- A History of Unsustainability in Agriculture.- Political and Economic Challenges to Creating a Sustainable Agriculture.- Energetic Services of ?Nature That Increase Agricultural Sustainability.- Applied Tools and Practices For Sustainable Agriculture.- An Economic, Ecological, and Cultural Evaluation of Agriculture in The American South.- Case Studies of Contemporary, Sustainable Farms in the South.- Holism vs. Reductionism in Agricultural Science.- Appendices.

For economic reasons, farmers generally strive to maximize short-term agricultural yield (energy output) through energy subsidies in the form of fertilizers and pesticides. When these subsidies are used inefficiently they result in water and air pollution, soil erosion, extinction of beneficial insects, spread of disease, and disappearance of ground water reservoirs.?

The key to agricultural sustainability lies in understanding how the whole system  not just the parts  reacts to impacts resulting from energy subsidies. Because of the pollution (wasted energy) from excessive subsidies, and the increasing scarcity and cost of non-renewable energy subsidies, the most critical ecosystem property that affects sustainability is energy use efficiency, that is, energy output (yield) per unitlã#