Throughout the history of mankind, animals have taken part in combat, espionage and have functioned in other ways to fight the wars of the humans. A variety of animals, from insects and bacteria used in biological warfare to better known horses have been used in human warfare since ancient times. Since then, camels, carrier pigeons, elephants, mules, donkeys, bats, and bees have all seen combat in some form.Animals in Combat explores a brief history of military animals throughout the ages, their different roles within this period, what animal warriors are used for today and what future animals have in modern warfare. Nigel Allsopp holds a master’s degree in history and teaches full time. He is a veteran himself and was awarded the RSL’s ANZAC of the Year award in 2017 for his charity work across the country. Nigel has been instrumental in ensuring Indigenous soldiers’ history is told. After conducting research into Indigenous soldiers in the Boer War, Nigel was so touched by their brave service to a nation that had often not been kind to them that he raised funds and established Australia’s first Indigenous Light Horse memorial in Logan, Queensland. Nigel has published nine non-fiction books, which he has donated to numerous children’s hospitals, the Starlight Foundation and Ronald McDonald House.Introduction 7Acronyms 11Poem 12Chapter 1 Animals at War Today 13Animal-borne bombs, Battle Bees, Bat Bombs, Carrier PigeonsChapter 2 The War Donkey 23Chapter 3 Combat Mules 29Chapter 4 War Camels 37Chapter 5 War Elephants 40Chapter 6 The Horse 44The War HorseChapter 7 Modern Mounted Operations 52US Security Police Squadron, Other CountriesChapter 8 Marine Mammals 59U.S. Army Veterinary Staff, Surviving the Cold WarChapter 9 War Dogs 66I am a War DogChapter 6 Pack Animals 74Oxen, Water Buffalo, Reindeer, Yaks, Llamas, Dogs as pack animals, Horses as pack animalsChapter 11 Special Forces 84Chapter 12 Ceremonial 90Chapter 13 Mascots 97Operation BlS4