Anthropoid Origins New Visions [Paperback]

1: Introduction.- 1. Evolving Perspectives of Anthropoidea.- Essentialism.- Rationalism.- Parallelism.- Intentional Vagueness.- Phylogenetic Hypotheses: From Vagueness to Precision.- Is Anthropoidea a Monophyletic Group, and what are its Synapomorphic Features?.- To which Group of Fossil or Extant Primates is Anthropoidea most Closely Related?.- Are there Asian Eocene Anthropoids?.- Origins of Crown Anthropoids.- Adaptive Explanations for Anthropoid Origins.- Cartmill.- Cachel.- Rosenberger.- Ross.- Hylander and Ravosa.- Function and Phylogeny in Anthropoid Evolution.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2: Anthropoid Evolutionary Relationships.- Molecular Phylogeny and Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- The Position of Primates in the Mammalian Tree.- Phylogeny and Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Phylogenetic Position of Tarsiers.- Dating of Early Primate Divergences.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Molecular Cladistic Markers and the Infraordinal Phylogenetic Relationships of Primates.- Tarsins: A Disputed Split in Primate Phylogeny.- Retropositions as Molecular, Cladistic, Phylogenetic Markers.- Mechanism of SINE Retroposition.- Functional Consequences of SINE Retropositions.- Chromosomal Target Sites.- Reversal of Retropositions.- SINE Fixation and Lineage Sorting.- SINEs as Evolutionary Landmarks.- Direct Repeats.- Alu-SINE Markers and Primate Evolution.- Origin and Nomenclature.- Alu Subfamilies: Successive Waves of Fixation.- Alu-SINEs and Primate Infraorders.- Screening of Human GenBank Entries.- PCR-Amplification and Sequencing.- Verification of Orthology and Independence.- Infraordinal Relationships of Primates and Alu-SINE Distribution.- References.- The Ancestral Genomes in Primate Phylogeny and Origins: A Molecular Cytogenetic Perspective.- Chromosome Painting in Primates.- Old World Monkeys and Apes.- New World Monkeys.- Strepsirrhines.- Tree Shrews.- Conclusions.- Ancestral Placental Mammalian Karl³-