Avoiding Static Ignition Hazards in Chemical Operations A CCPS Concept Book [Hardcover]

Written by Laurence Britton, who has over 20 years' experience in the fields of static ignition and process fire and explosion hazards research, this resource addresses an area not extensively covered in process safety standards or literature: understanding and reducing potential hazards associated with static electricity. The book covers the nature of static electricity, characteristics and effective energies of different static resources, techniques for evaluating static electricity hazards, general bonding, grounding, and other techniques used to control static or prevent ignition, gases and liquids, powders and hybrid mixtures.Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Chapter 1. Introduction.

1.1. Purpose.

1.2. Exclusive.

1.3. Units.

1.4. Organization of the Book.

Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Static Electricity.

2.1. What is Static Electricity.

2.1.1. Charge Separation.

2.1.2. Magnitude of Current and Potential.

2.1.3. Concentration of Charged Species.

2.1.4. Importance of Trace Contaminants.

2.1.5. Hazard Evaluation.

2.1.6. Statistics.

2.2. Charge Generation.

2.2.1. Induction Charging.

2.2.2. Ionic Charging.

2.3. Charge Dissipation.

2.3.1. Variability of Conductivity.

2.4. Charge Accumulation.

2.5. Ignition.

2.5.1. Effective Energy.

2.6. Static Discharges.

2.6.1. Corona Discharge.

2.6.2. Brush Discharge.

2.6.3. Bulking Brush Discharge.

2.6.4. Spark Discharge.

2.6.5. Propagating Brush Discharge (PBD).

2.6.6. Surface Streamer.

2.7l3-