Bitterness: Perception, Chemistry and Food Processing [Hardcover]

The increasing demand for healthy foods has resulted in the food industry developing functional foods with health-promoting and/or disease preventing properties. However, many of these products bring new challenges. While drugs are taken for their efficacy, functional foods need to have tastes that are acceptable to consumers. Bitterness associated with the functional foods is one of the major challenges encountered by food industry today and will remain so in years to come. This important book offers a thorough understanding of bitterness, the food ingredients that cause it and its accurate measurement.

The authors provide a thorough review of bitterness that includes an understanding of the genetics of bitterness perception and the molecular basis for individual differences in bitterness perception. This is followed by a detailed review of the chemical structure of bitter compounds in foods where bitterness may be considered to be a positive or negative attribute. To better understand bitterness in foods, separation and analytical techniques used to identify and characterize bitter compounds are also covered.?

Food processing can itself generate compounds that are bitter, such as the Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation related products. Since bitterness is considered a negative attribute in many foods, the methods being used to remove and/mask it are also thoroughly discussed.

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xv

SECTION I THE BIOLOGY OF BITTERNESS PERCEPTION 1

1 Biochemistry of Human Bitter Taste Receptors 3
Jasbir Upadhyaya, Nisha Singh, Raj Bhullar, and Prashen Chelikani

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Bitter taste receptors: T2Rs 3

1.3 T2R signal transduction 5

1.4 Bitter taste perception and T2R polymorphlÃ