Cis-trns Isomeric Carotenoids Vitamins A and Arylpolyenes [Paperback]

First Part: Isoprenic Polyenes.- I. Carotenoids: Introduction.- Nomenclature.- Some Historical Remarks on the Stereoisomerism of Polyenes.- II. Number and Types of cis Carotenoids. Steric Hindrance.- III. Some Properties of cis Carotenoids.- 1. Relative Stabilities.- Sterically Unhindered cis Forms.- Sterically Hindered cis Forms.- Polycis Forms.- 2. Melting Points.- 3. Rotatory Power.- 4. Relative Adsorption Affinities.- IV. Cis-trans Isomerism and UV Spectra.- 1. Some Remarks on the Spectra of all-trans Carotenoids.- 2. Spectral Effect of trans ? cis Isomerization in the Visible Region.- 3. Spectral Effect of trans ? cis Isomerization in the Near Ultraviolet Region: the cis-Peak.- 4. A Simple theoretical Interpretation of Spectral Phenomena, Especially of the cis-Peak Effect.- 5. Spectra at Extremely Low Temperatures.- V. Preparation of cis Carotenoids by Direct Rearrangement of the All-trans Form.- 1. Thermal Methods of cis-trans Isomerization.- a. Spontaneous Rearrangements in Solution at Room Temperature.- b. cis-trans Isomerization in Refluxed Solutions.- c. cis-trans Isomerization by Melting Crystals.- 2. Photochemical cis-trans Isomerization in the Absence of Catalysts.- 3. cis-trans Isomerization by Iodine Catalysis, in Light.- 4. cis-trans Isomerization by Acid Catalysis.- 5. cis-trans Isomerization by Contact with Active Surfaces.- 6. cis-trans Isomerization via Boron Trifluoride Complexes.- 7. Bio-stereoisomerization.- VI. Preparation of cis Carotenoids by Total Synthesis.- VII. Naturally Occurring cis and Polyds Carotenoids.- 1. Mono- and Dices Carotenoids.- 2. Polycis Carotenoids.- Prolycopene.- Further Polycis Lycopenes.- Proneurosporene (Protetrahydrolycopene, Neoneurosporene P).- Pro-?-carotene.- VIII. Some General Remarks on Configurational Assignments.- 1. Stereoisomeric Types.- 2. Number and Location of cis Double Bonds.- 3. Configuration and Infrared Spectrum.- IX. Configurational Assignments in Certain Stereoisomeric Sets.- 1. Stereoisomeric Sels¯