An analysis of the causes and politics of Eastern enlargement by the European Union and NATO.Frank Schimmelfennig analyzes the Eastern enlargement of the European Union and NATO and develops a theoretical approach of rhetorical action to explain why it occurred. Backed by original data, and drawing on sociological institutional theory, he demonstrates that the expansion to the East can be best understood in terms of liberal democratic values and norms. He highlights the practice of the Western community in shaming opponents into agreeing to enlargement.Frank Schimmelfennig analyzes the Eastern enlargement of the European Union and NATO and develops a theoretical approach of rhetorical action to explain why it occurred. Backed by original data, and drawing on sociological institutional theory, he demonstrates that the expansion to the East can be best understood in terms of liberal democratic values and norms. He highlights the practice of the Western community in shaming opponents into agreeing to enlargement.Frank Schimmelfennig analyzes the Eastern enlargement of the European Union and NATO and develops a theoretical approach of rhetorical action to explain why it occurred. Backed by original data, and drawing on sociological institutional theory, he demonstrates that the expansion to the East can be best understood in terms of liberal democratic values and norms. He highlights the practice of the Western community in shaming opponents into agreeing to enlargement.List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; Introduction; Part I. Security, Power or Welfare? Eastern Enlargement in a Rationalist Perspective: 1. Rationalist institutionalism and the enlargement of regional organizations; 2. NATO enlargement; 3. EU enlargement; Conclusion: the rationalist puzzle of Eastern enlargement; Part II. Expanding the Western Community of Liberal Values and Norms: Eastern Enlargement in a Sociological Perspective: 4. Sociological institutionalilƒ-