Evidence-based medicine is defined as the conscientious explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This superb collection will take a critical view of this concept and examine the economic implications of its imposition.1. Evidence based medicine: a method, collaboration, movement or crusade? Ivar S?nb? Kristiansenand Gavin Mooney 2. Evidence, Effectiveness and Ethics. Cochrane's Legacy. Uff Juul Jensen 3. Evidence based nursing: must or mantra? Helle Ploug Hansen 4. Evidence based health economics: Answers in search of questions? Steve Birch 5. Evidence based medicine: objectives and values. Gavin Mooney 6. Randomised clinical trials in assessing inferences about casuality and aetiology. Dag S. Thelle 7. Number needed to treat - number needed to cheat? Ivar S?nb? Kristiansen 8. Decision analysis, EBM and Medical Education: A case study in the diffusion of innovation within academic medicine. Arthur S. Elstein 9. RCT in drug policies - can the best be an enemy of the good? Kjeld M?ller Pedersen 10. EBM and International health: Good, but not good enough. Aileen J Plant 11 EBM and clinical practice: does it work? Knut Rasmussen