Distinct from the classic multinationals, free-standing companies were those companies established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to organize and manage operations for a European parent company. Leading international scholars here provide evidence and analysis of the operations of free-standing companies, draw comparisons with the American model multinational enterprise, and make a valuable contribution to the understanding of modern economic history.
Part I: Introduction: Background, Theory, and Controversies 1. The Free-Standing Company Revisited,Mira Wilkins 2. Transaction-Cost Theory and the Free-Standing Firm,Jean-Fran?ois Hennart 3. An Economic Theory of the Free-Standing Company,Mark Casson 4. The Free-Standing Company, in Theory and Practice,T. A. B. Corley Part II: Countries and Regions that were Host to Free-Standing Companies 5. Free-Standing Companies in Italy, 1883-1912,Peter Hertner 6. British Free-Standing Companies in Tsarist Russia,Natalia Gurushina 7. British Free-Standing Companies and Investment Groups in India and the Far East,Stanley Chapman 8. British Free-Standing Companies on the West Coast of South America,Rory Miller 9. British Free-Standing Companies in Mexico, 1884-1911,Reinhard Liehr and Mariano E. Torres Bautista 10. A French Free-Standing Company in Brazil's Sugar Industry: A Case Study of the Soci?t? de Sucreries Bresiliennes, 1907-1922,Tom?s Szmrecs?nyi Part III: Countries that were Homes to Free-Standing Companies: General and by Sector 11. Dutch Free-Standing Companies, 1870-1940,Ben P. A. Gales and Keetie E. Sluyterman 12. Continental European Free-Standing Companies: The Case of Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland,Harm Schr?ter 13. British Overseas Banks as Free-Standing Companies, 1830-1996,Geoffrey Owens