Guidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation is a survey of current industrial practice for controlling accidental releases of hazardous vapors and preventing their escape from the source area.
Preface. Acknowledgments.
Summary.
Glossary.
Chapter 1. Introduction.
1.1. Objective.
1.2. Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases.
1.3. Types of Vapor Clouds.
1.3.1. Flammable Vapor Clouds.
1.3.2. Toxic Vapor Clouds.
1.3.3. Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds.
1.3.4. Other Types of Vapor Clouds.
1.4. Forms of Vapor Release.
1.5. Release Causes.
1.6. Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases.
1.6.1. Toxic Effects.
1.6.2. Fires.
1.6.3. Explosions.
1.7. Analysis of the Need for Mitigation.
1.8. Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches.
Chapter 2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants.
2.1. Inventory Reduction.
2.2. Chemical Substitution.
2.3. Process Modification.
2.3.1. Refrigerated Storage.
2.3.2. Dilution.
2.4. Siting Considerations.
Chapter 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation.
3.1. Plant Physical Integrity.
3.1.1. Design Practices.
3.1.2. Materials of Construction.
3.2. Process Integrity.
3.2.1. Identification of reactants and Solvents.
3.2.2. Limits on Operating Conditions.
3.2.3. Process Control£g
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