Handbook of Counseling Psychology [Hardcover]

This completely revised and updated Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Counseling Psychology presents a cross-disciplinary survey of the entire field?combining a scholarly review of important areas of counseling psychology with current and insightful analyses of topics. The new edition equips you with a leading resource containing the latest information on the prevention and treatment of vocational, educational, and personal adjustment problems.

Acknowledgements x

Introduction 1

References 6

1 The Instrument: Ion Creation 7

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Sample handling 8

1.3 Vacuum ion sources 9

1.3.1 Electron ionisation 9

1.3.2 Chemical ionisation 11

1.3.3 Negative ion chemical ionization electron capture ionisation 12

1.3.4 Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation 12

1.4 Atmospheric pressure ion sources 13

1.4.1 Electrospray ionisation methods for liquid samples 14

1.4.2 Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation 19

1.4.3 Atmospheric pressure photoionisation 21

1.5 Ambient ionisation methods 23

References 23

2 The Instrument: Ion Analysis and Detection 25

2.1 The analyser 25

2.1.1 Quadrupole analyser 26

2.1.2 Ion trap 28

2.1.3 Orbitrap™ 31

2.1.4 MALDI‐TOF analyser 32

2.2 Tandem mass spectrometry 33

2.2.1 QqQ triple quadrupole analysers 36

2.2.2 Q‐TOF tandem mass spectrometry 36

2.2.3 MS/MS with an LIT analyser 38

2.2.4 Quadrupole with Orbitrap 38lÓ: