A. Introduction.- Hepatic Encephalopathy: The Present and the Future,.- B. Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy.- The Role of Ammonia and Other Toxins.- Ammonia in Liver and Extrahepatic Tissues: An Overview of Metabolism and Toxicity in Mammals,.- Neurophysiology of Ammonia Intoxication,.- Effect of Portacaval Anastomosis on Ammonia Metabolism in Brain and Liver,.- Selective Inhibition of Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases by Ammonia and Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Derivatives,.- Acute Action of Ammonia on Leucine Metabolism in Isolated Astrocytes, Neurons, and Oligo Cells of Rat Brain,.- Progressive Hyperammonemia and Insulin Resistance After Portacaval Shunt in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia,.- Mesenteric Venous Stenosis Reduces Hyperammonemia in the Portacaval Shunted Rat,.- Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Syndrome Due to Urinary Bladder Distention and Infection.- Role of Toxins and Synergism in Hepatic Encephalopathy,.- Cerebral Metabolism and Function in Hepatic Failure.- Brain Energy Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy.- In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Cerebral Metabolism in Rats After Portacaval Shunting,.- Effects of Hypercarbia and Portacaval Shunting on Amino Acids and High Energy Phosphates of the Rat Brain: a 1H and 31P NMR Study,.- Positron-Emission Tomography in the Study of Hepatic Encephalopathy,.- The Use of Cultured Astrocytes in the Study of Hepatic Encephalopathy,.- Brain Edema in Experimental Fulminant Hepatic Failure,.- Encephalopathy of Reyes Syndrome: Studies of the Pathogenic Process in Animal Models,.- The Rat with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis as a Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy,.- GABA and Benzodiazepine Receptors in Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Hepatic Encephalopathy and Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands,.- Detection andCharacterization of Endogenous Benzodiazepine Activity in Both Animal Models and Humans with Hepatic Encephalopathy,.- Isolated CNS Neurons from a Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy Exhibit Increased Sensitivity lˆ