The transition from viewing organizations as bureaucracies towards seeing them in metaphoric terms is a contemporary break with past organizational theory. But to investigate the similarities between real organizations and the metaphors describing their functions and context, a shift in both methods of inquiry and organizational theory must take place. This volume explores the paradigm shift at three levels: an overview of historical roots; an explication of terminology, metaphors and constructs; and the practical application of these new organizational inquiry methods, especially for actual research practices and policy analysis applications.The transition from viewing organizations as bureaucracies towards seeing them in metaphoric terms is a contemporary break with past organizational theory. But to investigate the similarities between real organizations and the metaphors describing their functions and context, a shift in both methods of inquiry and organizational theory must take place. This volume explores the paradigm shift at three levels: an overview of historical roots; an explication of terminology, metaphors and constructs; and the practical application of these new organizational inquiry methods, especially for actual research practices and policy analysis applications.Introduction - Yvonna S Lincoln The Context of the Paradigmatic Shift Emerging Paradigms in Organizational Theory and Research - David L Clark The Context of Emergent Paradigm Research - Egon G Guba The Concepts of the Paradigmatic Shift Sources of Order in Unorganized Systems: Themes in Recent Organizational Theory - Karl E Weick The Substance of the Emergent Paradigm: Implications for Researchers - Yvonna S Lincoln Applications in the Practice of Research Managerial Implications of the Emerging Paradigm - Anne Sigismund Huff Doing Naturalistic Research into Educational Organizations - ThomalS(