Predicates and Their Subjects [Paperback]

Predicates and their Subjects is an in-depth study of the syntax-semantics interface focusing on the structure of the subject-predicate relation. Starting from where the author's 1983 dissertation left off, the book argues that there is syntactic constraint that clauses (small and tensed) are constructed out of a one-place unsaturated expression, the predicate, which must be applied to a syntactic argument, its subject. The author shows that this predication relation cannot be reduced to a thematic relation or a projection of argument structure, but must be a purely syntactic constraint. Chapters in the book show how the syntactic predication relation is semantically interpreted, and how the predication relation explains constraints on DP-raising and on the distribution of pleonastics in English. The second half of the book extends the theory of predication to cover copular constructions; it includes an account of the structure of small clauses in Hebrew, of the use of `be' in predicative and identity sentences in English, and concludes with a study of the meaning of the verb `be'.1: Why subject is a grammatical concept.- 1.1 Aristotelian assumptions.- 1.2 Aboutness.- 1.3 Pivots and the semantic prominence of subjects.- 1.4 The structural nature of the subject.- 1.5 Conclusions and directions.- 1.6 Appendix: some theoretical preliminaries.- I: The Syntax of Predication.- 2: The grammatical theory of predication.- 3: The syntactic properties of subjects.- 4: Predication as a thematic relation.- 5: The syntactic forms of predication.- II: The Semantics of Predication.- 6: Interpretation.- 7: The semantics of pleonastics.- III: The Syntax and Semantics of Copular Constructions.- 8: Predication structures in Modern Hebrew identity constructions.- 9: Copular constructions in English.- IV: The Copula.- 10: The meaning of Be.