Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields: Origins and Coronal Effects [Hardcover]

Traditionally, solar and stellar physics have been two separate branches of astronomy, which independently of each other have developed their own scientific goals and methods. During the last decade, however, we have witnessed a gradual convergence of these two areas: The solar physicists realize more and more that the sun has to be seen as a special case in a large family of stars of various properties. A more complete understanding of the sun can only be achieved by considering it in this broader context. The stellar physicists on the other hand have become aware that the detailed knowledge of the physical processes that the solar physicists have reached has a more general significance and can be applied to a variety of other astrophysical objects. Observational techniques developed in solar work can frequently be adapted for other stars as well. This unified approach to solar and stellar physics is often called the solar-stellar connection . One main goal of this approach has been to understand the general nature and causes of stellar activity. The pioneering and visionary program to search for activity cycles on other stars started by Olin Wilson at the Mount Wilson Observatory 16 years ago has born fruit: in his sample of 91 stars, cyclic behaviour similar to that of the sun is found to be quite common, but many stars also show irregular activity fluctua.tions of large amplitude.I. Magnetic Fields in Stellar Photospheres.- Observations of Magnetic Fields on Late-type Stars.- Long-term Coherent Periodicities in the Mean Magnetic Field of the Sun.- Methods and Results for Detecting Magnetic Fields on Late-type Stars.- Zeeman Effect Observations in the RS CVn Star HR 5110 and in Late-type Stars with Strong Ca II Emission.- Theory of Photospheric Magnetic Fields.- Solitons in Magnetic Flux Tubes.- Self-consistent Models for Small Photospheric Flux Tubes.- Time-dependent Convective Collapse of Flux Tubes.- Numerical 3-D Simulations of the Collapse of Photospheric Flö