Agents of the Hidden Imam: Forging Twelver Shiism, 850-950 CE [Hardcover]

Offers fascinating insights into the careers of the first leaders of Twelver Shi?ism: agents who claimed to speak for the 'hidden Imam'.Reconstructing the roles and careers of key actors in the drama of early Occultation politics and the emergence of the first leaders of Twelver Shi?ism, this book demonstrates how they established the doctrines and institutions of Twelver Shi?ism, the dominant branch of Shi?i Islam in the world today.Reconstructing the roles and careers of key actors in the drama of early Occultation politics and the emergence of the first leaders of Twelver Shi?ism, this book demonstrates how they established the doctrines and institutions of Twelver Shi?ism, the dominant branch of Shi?i Islam in the world today.In 874 CE, the eleventh Imam died, and the Imami community splintered. The institutions of the Imamate were maintained by the dead Imam's agents, who asserted they were in contact with a hidden twelfth Imam. This was the beginning of 'Twelver' Shi?ism. Edmund Hayes provides an innovative approach to exploring early Shi?ism, moving beyond doctrinal history to provide an analysis of the socio-political processes leading to the canonisation of the Occultation of the twelfth Imam. Hayes shows how these agents cemented their authority by reproducing the physical signs of the Imamate, including protocols of succession, letters and the alm taxes. Four of these agents were ultimately canonised as envoys but traces of earlier conceptions of authority remain embedded in the earliest reports. Hayes dissects the complex and contradictory Occultation narratives to show how, amidst the claims of numerous actors, the institutional positioning of the envoys allowed them to assert a quasi-Imamic authority in the absence of an Imam.Introduction; 1. The rise of the agents in the late Imamate (830-874 CE); 2. The crisis before the crisis. The feud between Imamic contenders and the power of the agents; 3. Crisis! The mother, the brother, the concubine and thelco