Philosophy of Developmental Biology [Paperback]

This Element examines causality, mechanisms, explanations and discovery in classical experimental embryology as well as molecular developmental biology.Taking a causal perspective, this Element examines to what extent and how developmental biology, having turned molecular about four decades ago, has been able to meet the vitalist challenge. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Taking a causal perspective, this Element examines to what extent and how developmental biology, having turned molecular about four decades ago, has been able to meet the vitalist challenge. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.The history of developmental biology is interwoven with debates as to whether mechanistic explanations of development are possible or whether alternative explanatory principles or even vital forces need to be assumed. In particular, the demonstrated ability of embryonic cells to tune their developmental fate precisely to their relative position and the overall size of the embryo was once thought to be inexplicable in mechanistic terms. Taking a causal perspective, this Element examines to what extent and how developmental biology, having turned molecular about four decades ago, has been able to meet the vitalist challenge. It focuses not only on the nature of explanations but also on the usefulness of causal knowledge  including the knowledge of classical experimental embryology  for further scientific discovery. It also shows how this causal perspective allows us to understand the nature and significance of some key concepts, including organizer, signal and morphogen. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.1. Introduction: From Mechanism to Vitalism and Back; 2. Useful Causes: The Quest for Inducers and Organizers; 3. Idealized Causal Concepts as Research Tools: Morphogens; 4. Causes in Harmony; 5. Epilogue: Understanding, Progress, and Manipulability; References.