A?profile in socio-technical terms of ways that innovation is manifested in American, European, and Asian knowledge-based innovation networks and knowledge clusters.?Twelve conceptual and empirical studies are presented that contribute to a better understanding of the role of knowledge in technological entrepreneurship.Introduction; Elias Carayannis and Piero Formica Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms From Universities and Other HEIs to the SME Sector; Piero Formica (with the contributions of Professor Urmas Varblane and T?bis Mets) Mesoeconomic Structure, Innovation and Complexity: The Concept of Mesoeconomic Plexus; George Chorafakis, Patrice Laget ? Technological Knowledge Through the Looking Glass: Distributed Cognition and Co-Adaptation In Mesoeconomic Plexuses; George Chorafakis?and Patrice Laget Evolution of the Bangalore ICT Cluster: A Stage Theory Based on Crystal Growth Model; Mathew J Manimala A Model of an Innovation System with a Position Regulation of Science and Technology Parks Within Innovation Networks; Holger Graf And Randolf Margull Knowledge Appropriation and The Complexity of Regional Innovation Systems: A Conceptual Precursor to Simulation; Michael Provance Product Innovation as Micro-Strategy: The 'Innovation-Based Diversification' View; Seppo H?nninen and Ilkka Kauranen 'The Strength of Strong Ties' - University Spin-offs and the Significance of Historical Relations; Mattias Johansson, Merle Jacob And Tomas Hellstrom Patent Strength and Diminishing Knowledge Spillovers: The Quest for the Optimal Patent; Andreas Panagopoulos Consumer Learning Roadmap: New Buzzword or Necessary Tool? Seppo H?nninen And Birgitta Sandberg ???????????? Knowledge Economy-New Trends of Economy Of The 21st Century; Wu JisongELIAS G. CARAYANNIS is Full Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and Director of Research on Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, European Union Research Centre at the School of Business of the George WaslC)