Major intellectual and cultural history of intolerance and toleration in early modern Enlightenment Europe.This book is a major new intellectual and cultural history of intolerance and toleration in early modern and early Enlightenment Europe. John Marshall offers an extensive study of late seventeenth-century practices of religious intolerance and toleration in Europe and of the arguments which John Locke made in defence of 'universal religious toleration'. This study is a significant contribution to the history of the 'republic of letters' of the 1680s and will be essential reading for scholars of early modern European history, religion, political science, and philosophy.This book is a major new intellectual and cultural history of intolerance and toleration in early modern and early Enlightenment Europe. John Marshall offers an extensive study of late seventeenth-century practices of religious intolerance and toleration in Europe and of the arguments which John Locke made in defence of 'universal religious toleration'. This study is a significant contribution to the history of the 'republic of letters' of the 1680s and will be essential reading for scholars of early modern European history, religion, political science, and philosophy.John Marshall offers an extensive study of late seventeenth-century practices of religious intolerance and toleration in England, Ireland, France, Piedmont and the Netherlands and of the arguments which John Locke and his associates made in defence of 'universal religious toleration'. He analyzes early modern and early Enlightenment discussions of toleration; debates over toleration for Jews and Muslims as well as for Christians; the limits of toleration for the intolerant, atheists, 'libertines' and 'sodomites'; and the complex relationships between intolerance and resistance theories including Locke's own Treatises.Part I. Catholic and Protestant Intolerance in the Later Seventeenth Century: 1. Catholic intolerance, its represenl#/