Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction Processes [Hardcover]

This book provides a complete guide on tools and techniques for modeling of supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction (SSFE) processes and phenomena. It provides details for SSFE from managing the experiments to modeling and optimization. It includes the fundamentals of SSFE as well as the necessary experimental techniques to validate the models. The optimization section includes the use of process simulators, conventional optimization techniques and state-of-the-art genetic algorithm methods. Numerous practical examples and case studies on the application of the modeling and optimization techniques on the SSFE processes are also provided. Detailed thermodynamic modeling with and without co-solvent and non equilibrium system modeling is another feature of the book.

Preface xiii

Nomenclature xvii

1 Fundamentals of Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Supercritical Fluid Properties 2

1.3 Subcritical Condition 3

1.4 Physical Properties of Subcritical Fluid 5

1.5 Principles of Sub- and Supercritical Extraction Process 7

1.5.1 Solid Sample Extraction 8

1.5.2 Liquid Sample Extraction 9

1.6 Applications of SCF Extraction 11

1.6.1 Decaffeination of Coffee and Tea 11

1.6.2 Removal of FFA in Fats and Oils 15

1.6.3 Enrichment of Tocopherols 17

1.6.4 Carotenes from Crude Palm Oil and from Palm Fatty Acid Esters 18

1.7 Solubility of Solutes in SCFs 18

1.8 SoluteSolvent Compatibility 20

1.9 Solubility and Selectivity of Low-Volatility Organic Compounds in SCFs 21

1.10 Method of Solubility Measurement 24

1.10.1 Static Method 24

1.10.2 DynamilSµ