This fourth volume in the series Theatre in Europe charts the development of theatrical presentation at a time of great cultural and political upheaval.This,the fourth volume to be published in the series Theatre in Europe: a documentary history, charts the development of theatrical presentation at a time of great cultural and political upheaval. With few exceptions, the documents from France, Germany, Russia, Scandinavia, Italy and Spain are unavailable to an English-reading public and many are out of print (or unpublished) in their original language. The volume contains numerous illustrations, the source location for each document and substantial bibliography.This,the fourth volume to be published in the series Theatre in Europe: a documentary history, charts the development of theatrical presentation at a time of great cultural and political upheaval. With few exceptions, the documents from France, Germany, Russia, Scandinavia, Italy and Spain are unavailable to an English-reading public and many are out of print (or unpublished) in their original language. The volume contains numerous illustrations, the source location for each document and substantial bibliography.This book charts the development of theatrical presentation at a time of great cultural and political upheaval. With few exceptions, the documents from France, Germany, Russia, Scandinavia, Italy and Spain are unavailable to an English-reading public and many are out of print (or unpublished) in their original language. The volume contains numerous illustrations, the source location for each document and substantial bibliography.List of documents; General editors' preface; Note on Cyrillic-Roman translation; General introduction; France, 18511916 John McCormick and Claude Schumacher; Germany, 18501916 Michael Patterson; Russia, 18431916 Laurence Senelick; Scandinavia, 18491912 Inga-Stina Ewbank; England, 18501905 Louis James and Marion O'Connor; Italy, 18681919 Laura Richards; Iberian Peninslļ