Peremptory norms are non-derogable standards of international public policy which impose limits on how far governments, politicians, and diplomats can further their own goals in making international transactions. For example, certain core norms prohibit aggressive war, safeguard self-determination, and protect basic human rights in both peace and wartime. This monograph analyses the questions raised by the legal effects of peremptory norms of international law (jus cogens) in the light of their increasing importance in determining the permissible limits on the action of State and non-State actors in multiple areas of international law.
I Identification of Peremptory Norms 1. Peremptory Norms as International Public Order 2. The Criteria of Identification of Peremptory Norms and their Specific Groups 3. Distinctive Characteristics of Peremptory Norms: Absolute Character, Non-Derogability, and the Effect-Oriented Profile 4. Concepts Cognate to Peremptory Norms 5. Sources of Peremptory Norms II Effect of Peremptory Norms in General International Law 6. Impact of Peremptory Norms in the Law of Treaties 7. Peremptory Norms and the Validity of the Actions of States 8. The Effect of Breaches of Peremptory Norms 9. The Impact of Peremptory Norms in Customary Law 10. The Problem of Subsequent Validation of Breaches of Peremptory Norms 11. Peremptory Norms and Time: Inter-temporal Aspects III Peremptory Norms and the Powers of International Organisations 12. The Applicability of Peremptory Norms to the Acts of International Organisations 13. The Types of Conflicts of the Acts of International Organisations with Peremptory Norms 14. Peremptory Norms and the Ascertainment of the Intention of the Organs of International Organisations 15. Invalidity of Acts of International Organisations Offending Against Peremptory Norms and the Remedies Against Such Acts IV PlCˆ