More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.This book discusses practical tools to help decision makers institute incremental improvements in the delivery of water and sanitation services in developing countries so that more people can have access to safe water and sanitation service.More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goal’s (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.Preface by Elinor Ostrom.- Acknowledgements.- List of Contributors.- Abbreviations.- List of Boxes.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- 1. Introduction - Institutions and Development: A Framework for Understanding Water Services.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Urban Environmental Governance.- 1.2.1 Interdependence of the Water Cycle.- 1.2.2. Architecture of Water Service Provision.- 1.2.3 Governance Arrangements at the Peri-urban Interface.- 1.2.4 Common Pool Resources and Environmental Externalities.- 1.2.5 Institutions and Eonomic Development.- 1.3. Water and Sanitation Services: Infrastructure, Policy and Co-prolă]