This book assesses the performance of the first Lula government (2002-06) from different perspectives including economics, politics, history and social policy. While the focus is on Brazil, it also refers to the experiences of similar countries both for comparative purposes and for evidence of the success or otherwise of this 'new' era for Brazil.Introduction; P.Arestis & A.Saad-Filho Neoliberalism, Democracy and Economic Policy in Brazil; A.Saad-Filho Lula's Government in Brazil: A New Left or the Old Populism?; F.J.C.de Carvalho The Real Meaning of the Economic Policy of Lula's Government; L.M.Paulani Economic Constraints to a Sustained Growth for the Brazilian Economy; L.F.de Paula The Twilight of Lula's Government; F.Ferrari-Filho & F.C.de Carvalho Assessing Brazil's Economic Performance: 2003-2005; J.Sics? Inflation Targeting in Brazil; P.Arestis, L.F.de Paula & F.Ferrari-Filho Brazilian Domestic Public Debt in 2003-05: Resisting Decline and Potential Threat of Loss of Control; C.E.Carvalho An Empirical Study of Brazilian Bond Auctions, 2002-2004; R.Sobreira & P.Gaya Fiscal Policy, Credit Availability and Financing of Regional Policies in Brazil; F.G.Jayme & M.CroccoALVARO ANGERIZ University of Cambridge, UKTIRTHANKAR CHAKRAVARTY University of Cambridge, UKMARCO CROCCO Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Center for Regional Development and Planning (CEDEPLAR) UFMG; Researcher, CNPqFERNANDO J. CARDIM DE CARVALHO Professor of Economics, Institute of Economics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLUIZ FERNANDO DE PAULA University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CNPqFERNANDO FERRARI FILHO Full Professor of Economics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Researcher, CNPqPAULO GAYA Master in Public Administration, Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE/FGV), Brazil; Brazilian Central Bank, BrazilFREDERICO G. JAYME JR Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Center for RegionallC´