This book studies the confrontation between popular movements and repressive regimes in Central America.This book offers an indepth analysis of the confrontation between popular movements and repressive regimes in Central America for the three decades beginning in 1960, particularly in El Salvador and Guatemala. It examines both urban and rural groups as well as both nonviolent social movements and revolutionary movements. It studies the impact of state violence on contentious political movements as well as defends the political process model for studying such movements.This book offers an indepth analysis of the confrontation between popular movements and repressive regimes in Central America for the three decades beginning in 1960, particularly in El Salvador and Guatemala. It examines both urban and rural groups as well as both nonviolent social movements and revolutionary movements. It studies the impact of state violence on contentious political movements as well as defends the political process model for studying such movements.This analysis of the confrontation between popular movements and repressive regimes in Central America, particularly in El Salvador and Guatemala, examines urban and rural groups as well as nonviolent social movements and revolutionary movements over three decades from 1960 on. It studies the impact of state violence on contentious political movements and defends the political process model for studying such movements.Part I. From Grievances to Contentious Movements: 1. The social construction of grievances; 2. The emergence of urban contentious movements: El Salvador; 3. The emergence of urban contentious movements: Guatemala; 4. Contentious peasants and the problem of consciousness raising; Part II. Opportunity, Contention, and Repression: 5. Cycles of contention; 6. Changing political opportunities and contentious challengers: Guatemala; 7. Changing political opportunities and contentious challengers: El Salvador and Central America;l³C