1 Introduction.- 2 The role of fire In European Mediterranean ecosystems.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Fire history.- 2.2.1 Statistics.- 2.2.2 Land-use changes.- 2.2.3 Climate change.- 2.3 Fire effects on soils.- 2.4 Post-fire regeneration of vegetation.- 2.4.1 Plant traits.- 2.4.2 Environmental conditions.- 2.4.3 Prediction of long-term effects.- 2.5 Concluding remarks.- 3Short-term fire risk: foliage moisture content estimation from satellite data.- 3.1 The role of foliage moisture content in the short-term estimation of fire danger.- 3.2 The estimation of foliage moisture content.- 3.3 The effect of moisture content on reflectance and temperature.- 3.4 The use of low resolution data for foliage moisture estimation.- 3.5 Application of NOAA-AVHRR to FMC estimation.- 3.5.1 Study areas.- 3.5.2 Satellite data processing.- 3.5.3 Results on Chalkidiki study area.- 3.5.4 Results on Caba?eros study area.- 3.5.5 Results on Les Maures study area.- 3.5.6 Results on ONF land plots.- 3.5.7 Discussion.- 3.5.8 Conclusion.- 3.6 Foliage moisture assessment using high resolution data.- 4 Meteorological fire danger indices and remote sensing.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Processes and components embodied in fire danger indices.- 4.3 Meteorological fire danger indices.- 4.4 Large fire danger rating with meteorological indices in the European Mediterranean Basin.- 4.4.1 Databases and danger indices.- 4.4.2 Climatic stratification.- 4.4.3 Logistic regression.- 4.4.4 Assessment of the logistic model.- 4.5 Satellite data and meteorological danger indices.- 4.5.1 Satellite data and the logistic model for large fire danger rating&.- 4.5.2 Estimation of long-term fire danger indices from satellite data&..- 5 Integrated fire risk mapping.- 5.1 Temporal and spatial scales in fire risk mapping.- 5.2 The use of GIS in fire risk assessment.- 5.2.1 Description of geographical variables of fire risk.- 5.2.2 Criteria to integrate forest fire danger variables.- 5.3 Analysis of long-term fire risk on a Europel³5