Sensor Systems for Environmental Monitoring Volume One Sensor Technologies [Paperback]

1 Fibre optic sensors.- 1.1 Introduction to fibre optics.- 1.1.1 The need for environmental monitoring and new technology.- 1.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic sensors.- 1.2 Physical principles of fibre optic chemical sensors.- 1.2.1 Absorption sensors.- 1.2.2 Sensing through indicator dyes.- 1.2.3 Fluorescence sensors.- 1.2.4 Raman sensors.- 1.2.5 Refractive index and optical path length sensors.- 1.2.6 Evanescent field sensors.- 1.3 Sensor construction and basic types.- 1.3.1 Fibre optics with absorption cells.- 1.3.2 Fibre opt(r)odes.- 1.3.3 Evanescent field sensor types.- 1.3.4 Solgel coatings.- 1.3.5 Other types of sensor construction.- 1.3.6 Source and detector considerations.- 1.4 Examples of fibre optic sensors for environmental applications.- 1.4.1 Air pollutants.- 1.4.2 Seawater monitoring.- 1.4.3 Ground and drinking water contamination.- 1.4.4 Soil contamination.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 1.5.1 Summary.- 1.5.2 Future trends.- References.- 2 Integrated optic sensors.- 2.1 Introduction to integrated optics.- 2.1.1 Waveguides.- 2.1.2 Waveguide couplers.- 2.1.3 Optical modulators and switches.- 2.1.4 Integrated optic light sources.- 2.1.5 Integrated optical detectors.- 2.2 Fabrication of integrated optic devices.- 2.2.1 Materials for integrated optic devices.- 2.2.2 Fabrication and modification of thin films.- 2.2.3 Patterning processes.- 2.3 Sensor techniques in integrated optics.- 2.3.1 Evanescent waves.- 2.3.2 Spectroscopy.- 2.3.3 Ellipsometry.- 2.3.4 Surface plasmon resonance.- 2.3.5 Light scattering.- 2.3.6 Optical biosensors.- 2.4 Applications of integrated optic devices for environmental sensing.- 2.4.1 An integrated optic biosensor.- 2.4.2 An integrated optic gas sensor.- 2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Laser-based sensors.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Laser mass spectrometry.- 3.2.1 Resonance ionisation mass spectrometry.- 3.2.2 Factors determining the experimental arrangement.- 3.2.3 Ultra-trace detection of explosive molecules using REMPI.- 3.2.l“q