1. Systems Theory: A Secret History of the 20th Century Darrell P. Arnold Part I: Early Developments and Their Continued Repercussions Introduction 2. The Persistence of Information Theory Philipp Schweighauser 3. Cybernetics: Thinking Through the Technology Ranulph Glanville 4. Expanding the Self-Referential Paradox: The Macy Conferences and the Second Wave of Cybernetic Thinking John Bruni 5. The Hermeneutical System of General Systemology: Bertalanffian and Other Early Contributions to Its Foundations and Development David Pouvreau 6. The Ethics of Epistemology: The Work of the Constructivist and Cybernetician Heinz von Foerster, From the Vienna Circle to the Cybernetic Circle Bernhard P?rksen 7. Maturana and Varela: From Autopoiesis to Systems Applications Bob Mugerauer 8. Eugene Odum and the Homeostatic Ecosystem: the Resilience of an Idea Joel Hagen Part II: Systems Thinking in Sociology Introduction 9. Talcott Parsons: A Sociological Theory of Action Systems Bettina Mahlert 10. Luhmann: Three Key Concepts, System, Meaning, Autopoiesis Walter Reese-Sch?fer 11. Systems Historicized: Wallersteins World-Systems Analysis W.L. Goldfrank Part III: Further Contemporary Developments Introduction 12. Systems Theories and Literary Studies Andrew McMurry 13. Systems Heuristics and Digital Culture Raphael Sassower and