This book presents a comparative historical overview of female employment patterns across the Mediterranean region, analyzing how the relationship between economic development, political change and the cultural environment shapes the evolution of gender roles in interconnected spheres of social life.Introduction: Trajectories of Female Employment in the Mediterranean; A.Bu?ra Female Employment and Welfare State Development in Spain; O.Salido & L.Moreno The Modernization of Female Employment in Italy: One Country, Two Patterns; A.Andreotti & E.Mingione Female Activity and Employment Trends and Patterns in Greece: Women's Difficult Road to Economic Independence; M.Karamessini Modernization, Religious Conservatism and Female Employment through Economic Development in Turkey; A.Bu?ra & Y.?zkan How Private Lives Determine Work Options: Reflections on Poor Women's Employment in Egypt; H.Sholkamy Conclusion; A.Bu?ra & Y.?zkanALBERTA ANDREOTTI Professor in Economic Sociology, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyMARIA KARAMESSINI Associate Professor in Labour Economics and Economics of the Welfare State, Department of Social Policy of Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, GreeceLUIS MORENO Research Professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), SpainENZO MINGIONE Professor of Sociology at the University of Milano-Bicocca, ItalyOLGA SALIDO Associate Professor in Social Stratification and Gender Inequality at the Department of Sociology III, University Complutense of Madrid, SpainHANIA SHOLKAMY Assistant Professor in the American University in Cairo, Egypt