Focusing on the work of Hardy, Lawrence, Conrad, Joyce, Forster and Woolf, this study is divided into two sections: the first shows how historical and contextual material is essential for developing powerful readings; the second discusses how new theory has transformed the way we read and think.Part 1: I was the world in which I walked - the tranformation of the British novel; the narrator as character in Hardy's major fiction; beginnings and endings in Hardy's major fiction; speaking of Paul Morel - voice, unity and meaning in Sons and Lovers ; Lawrence's quest in The Rainbow ; the originality of E.M.Forster. Part 2: the case for humanistic formalism; modes of literary inquiry - a primer for humanistic formalism; reading Conrad's Lord Jim - reading text, reading lives; tell us in plain words - an introduction to reading Joyce's Ulysses ; reading Virginia Woolf - Mrs Dalloway and To the Lighthouse .