This concise account of the life and career of Mustafa Kemal Atat?rk (1881--1938), the formidable founder of modern Turkey , offers a substantial revaluation of a key figure in modern history, and also an introduction to the Turkish republic itself. It is a timely study with Turkey again at the centre of international attention, as Islamic fundamentalists challenge many of Atat?rk's westernising and secularizing reforms, and as the regional aftershocks of the Soviet collapse reopen profound questions about Turkey's nature, role and relationships Atat?rk had sought to settle for good. Preface. Introduction. 1. The Making of Mustafa Kemal: Acquisition of Power. 2. Early Career. 3. Moment of Decision. 4. Foundation of the National Movement. 5. Relations with Istanbul. 6. Civil War. 7. War. 8. Modernization, Westernization and Reform. 9. Politics, Opposition and Conspiracy. 10. The Closing Years. Conclusion. Further Reading. Chronology. Index.