This study looks at the economic changes accompanying the 1974 social revolution in Ethiopia. It analyses the attempt to introduce a socialist pattern of development and underlines the weaknesses in development strategy. Chapters on land reform and agricultural development are included.The commitment to socialist development; the next great task - agricultural growth with equity; institutional transformation and agricultural development; coffee - the leading export sector; the role of industry; a floor to poverty - essential public services; changes in the distribution of income; the urban labour market; income generation and employment opportunities for women; employment opportunities of women - prostitution, the last resort; education in a socialist society; population policy - two issues; summary and conclusions.