Endoscopy [Paperback]

I  Diagnostic Endoscopy.- I  Endoscopic armamentarium.- A. Endoscopes.- I. Direct vision endoscopes.- 1. Advantages.- 2. Cystoscopes.- 3. Urethroscopes.- a) Internal illumination.- b) External illumination.- IL Lens endoscopes.- 1. Advantages.- 2. Optical systems used in endoscopes.- a) Right angle.- b) Obliquely forward.- c) Retrograde.- d) Directly forward.- e) Adjustable.- 3. Telescopes.- a) Wiring circuit.- b) Catheter guides and deflectors.- c) Protection of catheters.- d) Carriage for telescopes.- III. Endoscope sheaths.- 1. Illumination. Types of sheaths.- 2. Beaks and fenestrae of sheaths.- 3. Light posts.- 4. Stopcocks.- 5. Obturators.- 6. Locks.- IV. Sizes of endoscopes.- V. Instruments designed for endoscopic surgery.- 1. Stern McCarthy visual prostatic electrotome.- 2. Resectoscope made by Wolf (Germany).- 3. Modifications of the McCarthy electrotome.- 4. Visual lithotrites.- Telescope.- B. Instruments used through endoscopes.- I. Electrodes.- II. Forceps, rongeurs, and scissors.- III. Infiltration needles.- IV. Ureteral catheters (Chap. II).- V. Special ureteral catheters.- VI. Ureteral instruments.- 1. Bougies.- 2. Calculus dislodgers.- a) Wire basket.- b) Looped ureteral catheter.- c) Forceps.- 3. Transilluminator.- C. Cystoscopic attachments.- I. Cystoscope holders.- II. Teaching attachment.- III. Photographic attachments.- D. Sources of light for endoscopes.- I. Bulbs.- II. Quartz tube.- III. Batteries.- IV. Electric house current.- E. Care and maintenance of endoscopes.- I. Routine care.- 1. Basic precautions to prevent breakage.- 2. Disinfection.- II. Minor repairs and adjustments.- 1. Light failure.- a) Light bulb.- b) Contact rings of lamp post.- c) Contacts between cord and lamp post.- d) Light cord.- e) Connection of cord to battery terminals.- f) Rheostat.- g) Connections inside battery container.- h) Batteries.- 2. Blurred vision.- F. The cystoscopic room (theatre).- I. Aseptic technique, cleanliness and decorum.- II. Floor.- III. ElectriclÈ