Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease [Paperback]

Major epidemiologists from the UK, USA and Europe contributeto the first ever, much needed comprehensive review of theepidemiology of peripheral vascular disease in the lowerlimbs.Major epidemiologists from the UK, USA and Europe contributeto the first ever, much needed comprehensive review of theepidemiology of peripheral vascular disease in the lowerlimbs.Section I: Measurement in Communities.- 1 Review of Simple Measuring Techniques.- Definition of Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Questionnaire for Intermittent Claudication.- Palpation of Peripheral Pulses.- Ankle-Brachial Systolic Pressure Ratio.- Stress Tests.- Exercise.- Reactive Hyperaemia.- Toe Pulse Reappearance Time.- Conclusion: Measurement in Epidemiological Research.- 2 Non-invasive Tests.- Exercise Testing.- Segmental Pressures.- Doppler Ultrasonography.- Plethysmography.- Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension.- Laser Doppler.- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Biochemical Parameters.- 3 Questionnaires.- Development of a Questionnaire.- Types of Question.- Wording, Sequence, Layout.- Evaluation of a Questionnaire.- Validity.- Reliability.- Pre-test.- Administered or Self-?dministered Questionnaires.- WHO/Rose Questionnaire for Intermittent Claudication.- Development of WHO/Rose Questionnaire.- Validation.- Reliability.- Modified Classification.- Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire.- 4 Duplex Ultrasound.- History.- Basic Principles.- High Resolution Imaging.- Doppler Information.- Ultrasound as a Screening Technique.- Advantages of Ultrasound.- Disadvantages of Ultrasound.- Applications of Duplex as a Screening Technique.- Carotids.- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.- Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Venous Disease.- The Future.- 5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- The Assessment of Atherosis.- Chemical Shift Imaging.- Velocity Mapping.- The Assessment of Sclerosis.- Aortic Compliance.- Aortic Flow Wave Velocity.- Clinical Importance of Sclerosis.- Section II: Descriptive Epidemiology.- 6 Historical Pl<