Export Controls A Contemporary History [Hardcover]

Export Controls examines how the U.S. has attempted to restrict the export of national security sensitive equipment, finance, knowledge, and technology since World War II. ?It also examines attempts to influence U.S. policies while concluding that some export controls are essential for promoting and defending U.S. national security interests.International trade plays an enormous role in economic growth and prosperity. This activity can also be used to transfer military equipment, knowledge, and technology to hostile governments and transnational terrorist and criminal organizations seeking to attack and destroy their enemies. The U.S. and other countries have used economic sanctions such as export controls to try to restrict and eliminate the transfer of weapons and financial assets to these governments and organizations. This work examines how the U.S. has attempted to restrict the export of national security sensitive equipment, finance, knowledge, and technology since World War II with varying degrees of success and failure. It also examines how multiple U.S. Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international government organizations seek to influence U.S. international trade, foreign, and security policies while concluding that some export controls are essential for promoting and defending U.S. national security interests.ContentsAcknowledgments viiIntroduction ixChapter 1 U.S. Legal and Legislative History 1Chapter 2 Commerce and Defense Departments 47Chapter 3 Customs & Border Patrol, Justice Department,and Energy Department 162Chapter 4 The State Department and Export Controls 186Chapter 5 Treasury Department 234Chapter 6 Congress and Export Controls 253Chapter 7 Nongovernment Organizations and ExportControls 272Chapter 8 International Government Organizations 295Conclusion 324Bibliography 335Index 411About the Author 431Bert Chapman is Government Information, Political Science, and Economics Librarian and Professor of Library ScienlC“