Female Sex Steroids Receptors and Function [Paperback]

I. Introduction.- 1. Historical Aspects of Steroid Hormone Action.- 2. General Consideration of the Steroid Receptor Concept.- II. Steroid Receptor Characterization and Measurement.- 1. Receptor Criteria.- a) Finite Binding Capacity.- b) High Affinity.- c) Steroid Specificity.- d) Tissue Specificity.- e) Correlation with Biologic Response.- 2. Receptor Parameters: Theory and Practice.- a) Receptor Measurement when Nonspecific Binding is Large.- b) Interpretation of Saturation Parameters by Scatchard Analysis.- 1) Estimates of Receptor Number in the Presence of Nonspecific Binding.- 2) Two Specific Sites with Different Affinities.- c) Resolving Mixed Binding Systems.- d) Receptor Determination when the Concentration of Receptor Greatly Exceeds the Dissociation Constant of the Reaction.- e) Steroid Binding Specificity.- 1) Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Interactions.- 2) Competitive Binding Analysis: Problems and Interpretations.- f) Hooks and Curves in Scatchard Plots.- 1) High Concentration of Ligand or Receptor Sites.- 2) Nonequilibrium Conditions.- 3) Instability of Ligand or Receptor Sites.- 4) Dilution of Radioactivity.- 5) Interacting Species.- 3. Receptor States and 3H-Steroid Exchange.- a) Exchange Techniques in Theory and Practice.- b) Time and Temperature of Steroid Exchange.- c) Determination of the Binding State of Receptor Sites.- 4. Methods of Receptor Assay.- a) Cytoplasmic Receptors.- 1) Charcoal Adsorption Procedure.- 2) Hydroxylapatite Procedure.- 3) Protamine Sulfate Precipitation Method.- 4) DEAE Filter Method.- b) Nuclear Receptors.- 1) 3H-Estradiol Exchange of Nuclear Receptor-Estrogen Complexes.- 2) Modifications of 3H-Steroid Exchange Assay.- 3) Nuclear Binding and Retention of Receptor-Hormone Complexes.- III. Cellular Compartments and Translocation of Receptor-Steroid Complexes.- 1. Cytoplasmic or Nuclear Localization of Receptors.- 2. Evidence for Nuclear Preference.- 3. Are Cytoplasmic Receptors Necessary?.- 4. Mechanisms for Steroid AccumlC±