Fimbriae are the best-studied bacterial colonization factors. They are of paramount importance in bacterial pathogenesis and microbial ecology. Due to the advent of new and powerful techniques, an impressive amount of information has been accumulated on these important surface organelles over the last decade. The first book of its kind, Fimbriae brings together into one volume the state of the art of this very active field. Internationally recognized researchers give both a horizontal and lateral approach to fimbriology. Selected types of fimbriae are extensively reviewed and fundamental questions such as evolution, control or regulation, biogenesis, bacteria-host interaction, and fimbriae-based vaccines are examined.Introduction: A Historical Perspective (J.P. Duguid and D.C. Old). Type 1 Fimbriae of Escherichia coli (P. Klemm and K.A. Krogfelt). S and F1C Fimbriae of E. coli (J. Hacker and J. Morschh?user). Structure, Function, and Biogenesis of Escherichia coli P Pili (M.J. Kuehn, D. Haslam, S. Normark, and S.J. Hultgren). Fimbriae of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F.K. de Graaf and W. Gaastra). Non-Fimbrial Adhesins of Escherichia coli (M.A. Schmidt). Type 3 Fimbriae of the Enterobacteriaceae (S. Clegg, T.K. Korhonen, D.B. Hornick, and A.-M. Tarkkanen). Salmonella Fimbriae (S. Clegg and D.L. Swenson). Bordetella pertussis Fimbriae (F. Mooi). Type 4 Fimbriae (J.M. Tennent and J.S. Mattick). Pili (Fimbriae) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (J.K. Davies, J.M. Koomey, and H.S. Seifert). Fimbriae of Vibrio cholerae (M.R. Kaufman and R.K. Taylor). Regulation of Fimbrial Expression (B.E. Uhlin). Fimbrial Operons and Evolution (J.G. Kusters and W. Gaastra). Bacteria-Extracellular Matrix Interactions (D.L. Hasty, H.S. Courtney, E.V. Sokurenko, and I. Ofek). The Role of Interaction Between Fimbriae and the Intestinal Mucus Layer in Bacterial Colonization (P.S. Cohen and D.C. Laux). An Ecological Perspective of Fimbrial Function in the Porcine Digestive Tract (P.L. Conway and Llc{