In this collection of papers, the theory of defensive strategy and the ways of implementing it are explored by scholars and military professionals from East and West. These papers are a result of workshops organised by the Pugwash conferences on science and world affairs.Part 1 Principles: deterrence and defence, Anders Boserup; defence dilemmas, Alexei Arbatov; conventional arms control - the agenda and its dangers, Albrecht von Muller; the confrontation of conventional forces in the context of ensuring strategic stability, Andrey Kokoshin and Valentin Larionov. Part 2 Combat dynamics: conventional stabiltiy, Albrecht von Muller; the implications of the increased accuracy of non-nuclear weapons, Robert Neild; mutual defensive superiority and the problem of mobility along an extended front, Anders Boserup; military stability and defence dominance at the tactical level, Anders Boserup; the defence efficiency hypothesis and conventional stability in Europe - implications for arms control, Reiner Huber and Hans Hofmann. Part 3 Defences on land: an east-west negotiating proposal, Albrecht von Muller and Andrzej Karkoszka; a possible stable configuration of Warsaw pact-NATO general purposes forces after radical reductions from the Atlantic to the Urals, Alexander Konovalov. Part 4 Air forces: airpower and conventional stability, Carlo Jean; a zonal approach to the neutralisation of air power in Europe, Anders Boserup and J.J.Graabaek; possible ways to stabilise the balance in tactical aviation on the European continent, Alexander Konovalov. Part 5 Navies: the vulnerability of surface forces to modern stand-off weapons, Elmar Schmahling; maritime defence without naval threat - the case of the Baltic, Anders Boserup. Part 6 Negotiation: Glasnost, talks and disarmament, Georgy Arbatov; Vienna force reduction talks - moving towards deep cuts, Jonathan Dean; conventional forces in Europe - deep cuts and security, Hugh Beach.