This book collects fifteen new case studies documenting successful knowledge and information sharing commons institutions for medical and health sciences innovation. Also available as Open Access.This book supplies evidence that policymakers, researchers, and designers need to develop strategies for producing better innovation and systems of information production. The book's knowledge commons concept offers a systematic way of understanding institutions for knowledge sharing, with fifteen new case studies in the medical and health sciences context. The book is also available as Open Access.This book supplies evidence that policymakers, researchers, and designers need to develop strategies for producing better innovation and systems of information production. The book's knowledge commons concept offers a systematic way of understanding institutions for knowledge sharing, with fifteen new case studies in the medical and health sciences context. The book is also available as Open Access.Governing Medical Knowledge Commons makes three claims: first, evidence matters to innovation policymaking; second,?evidence shows that self-governing knowledge commons support effective innovation without prioritizing traditional intellectual property rights; and third, knowledge commons can succeed in the critical fields of medicine and health. The editors' knowledge commons framework adapts Elinor Ostrom's groundbreaking research on natural resource commons to the distinctive attributes of knowledge and information, providing a systematic means for accumulating evidence about how knowledge commons succeed. The editors' previous volume, Governing Knowledge Commons, demonstrated the framework's power through case studies in a diverse range of areas. Governing Medical Knowledge Commons provides fifteen new case studies of knowledge commons in which researchers, medical professionals, and patients generate, improve, and share innovations, offering readers a practical introduction to thelÓD