Explains why we observe clashes between immigrants and natives and between immigrants and state actors in some locations.Why do we observe clashes between immigrants and natives and between immigrants and state actors in some locations but not in others? As it addresses this question, Immigration and Conflict in Europe presents a wealth of qualitative and quantitative materials on immigrant conflict in Great Britain, Germany, and France from the postwar years until the beginning of the twenty-first century. Focusing on immigrant-native and immigrant-state conflict and violence in cities and towns, the book argues for the importance of economic and electoral forces in determining patterns of conflict and calm.Why do we observe clashes between immigrants and natives and between immigrants and state actors in some locations but not in others? As it addresses this question, Immigration and Conflict in Europe presents a wealth of qualitative and quantitative materials on immigrant conflict in Great Britain, Germany, and France from the postwar years until the beginning of the twenty-first century. Focusing on immigrant-native and immigrant-state conflict and violence in cities and towns, the book argues for the importance of economic and electoral forces in determining patterns of conflict and calm.Contemporary debates give the impression that the presence of immigrants necessarily spells strife. Yet as Immigration and Conflict in Europe shows, the incidence of conflict involving immigrants and their descendants has varied widely across groups, cities, and countries. The book presents a theory to account for this uneven pattern, explaining why we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations but not in others and why some cities experience confrontations between immigrants and state actors while others are spared from such conflicts. The book addresses how economic conditions interact with electoral incentives to account for immigrant-native and immigrls'