Foreword- William J. Ledger
Preface
Contributors
PART I. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy of the Vulva-Aikaterini Deliveliotou and George Creatsas
Introduction
Embryology of Vulva
Anatomy of the Vulva
Conclusion
References
Tissue Structure and Physiology of the Vulva- Miranda A. Farage and Howard I. Maibach
Introduction
Variations in Epithelial Structure
Blood Flow and Innervation
Hormonal Responsiveness
Immune Cell Populations
Tissue Hydration and Barrier Function
Permeability
Skin Irritation
Microbiology
Conclusion
References
Changes in the Vulva and Vagina Throughout Life- Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, Aikaterini Deliveliotou, andGeorge Creatsas
Introduction
Infancy and Early Childhood
Puberty
Reproductive Years
Menopause and Older Age
Conclusion
References
Microbial Ecology of the Vulva- Ronald W. Berg and Catherine C. Davis
Introduction
Anatomical Structure of the Vulva
Factors Controlling Microbial Growth and Diversity
Microflora of the Vulva
Conclusion
References
PART II. SYMPTOMS, DISEASES, AND THERAPIES
Are Vaginal Symptoms Ever Normal?- Matthew Anderson, Alison Karasz, and Sarah Friedland
Introduction
Characteristics of Normal Vaginal Discharge
Characteristics of Normal Vaginal Odor
Normalcy of Irritative Symptoms
Conclusion
References
Common Diseases of the Vulva- Diane Elas and Rudolph P. Galask
Introduction
Assessment
Physical Examination
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Burning
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Itching
Diseases that Cause Vulvar Pain
Diseases that Cause Vagil£O