This important collection focuses on the nature and importance of biodiversity.This important collection focuses on the nature and importance of biodiversity. The concept is clarified and its intrinsic and instrumental value is discussed. There are many controversies surrounding biodiversity and a few of them are examined here: What is worthy of protection or restoration and what is the acceptable level of costs? Is it permissible to kill sentient animals to promote native populations? Can species be reintroduced if they have disappeared a long time ago? How should the responsib ilities for biodiversity be shared?This important collection focuses on the nature and importance of biodiversity. The concept is clarified and its intrinsic and instrumental value is discussed. There are many controversies surrounding biodiversity and a few of them are examined here: What is worthy of protection or restoration and what is the acceptable level of costs? Is it permissible to kill sentient animals to promote native populations? Can species be reintroduced if they have disappeared a long time ago? How should the responsib ilities for biodiversity be shared?This important collection focuses on the nature and importance of biodiversity. Many controversies currently surround biodiversity and a few of them are examined here: What is worthy of protection or restoration, and what is the acceptable level of costs? Is it permissible to kill sentient animals to promote native populations? Can species be reintroduced if they have disappeared a long time ago? How should the responsibilities for biodiversity be shared?List of figures and tables; List of contributors; Acknowledgements; Biodiversity considered philosophically: an introduction Markku Oksanen; Part I. Using 'Biodiversity': 1. The phenomenon of biodiversity Julia Koricheva and Helena Siipi; 2. Making the biodiversity crisis tractable: a process perspective Yrj? Haila; Part II. Understanding Biodiversity: 3. Plato on diversitylc!