Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology [Paperback]

Synthesis of Small Nuclear RNAs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Two Classes of U snRNA Genes.- 3 RNA Polymerases Transcribing U snRNA Genes.- 3.1 TMG-Capped snRNAs.- 3.2 MepppG-Capped snRNAs.- 4 Organization of U snRNA Genes.- 4.1 Human.- 4.2 Rodent.- 4.3 Chicken.- 4.4 Xenopus.- 4.5 Drosophila.- 4.6 Sea Urchin.- 4.7 Trypanosome.- 4.8 C. elegans.- 4.9 Yeast.- 4.10 Plants.- 4.11 Viral U RNAs.- 5 Cis-Acting Elements in U snRNA Genes.- 5.1 Initiation Nucleotide.- 5.2 Proximal Sequence Element (PSE).- 5.3 TATA Box.- 5.4 Distal Sequence Element (DSE).- 5.5 3?-End Formation.- 6 Interconversion of U snRNA Promoters.- 6.1 SnRNA and mRNA Gene Promoters Are Distinct.- 6.2 Transcription of snRNA Genes in Vitro and in Heterologous Systems.- 7 Regulation of snRNA Synthesis.- 8 Formation of Cap Structure in U snRNAs.- 8.1 Signal for U6 snRNA Capping.- 8.2 Post-Transcriptional Capping of U6 snRNA.- 8.3 Other snRNAs with mepppG Cap Structure.- 8.4 Functions of Cap Structures.- 9 Summary.- References.- The DNA-Activated Protein Kinase, DNA-PK.- 1 Nuclear Protein Kinases.- 2 Nucleic Acid Effects on Protein Kinase Activity.- 3 Detection of DNA-Stimulated Protein Phosphorylation in Cell Extracts.- 4 Purification of DNA-PK from HeLa Cells.- 5 Physical Characteristics of DNA-PK.- 6 Subcellular Localization.- 7 Phosphate Donor and Cofactor Requirements.- 8 Effects of Inhibitors.- 9 Substrate Specificity.- 9.1 Autophosphorylation.- 9.2 Substrate Preference and Phosphorylation Sites.- 10 Effects of Polynucleotides.- 11 Occurrence of DNA-PK in Other Cells.- 12 Comparison with Other Nuclear Protein Kinases.- 13 Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- The Cytoskeleton During Early Development: Structural Transformation and Reorganization of RNA and Protein.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Cytoskeleton in the Early Development of Chordates.- 2.1 Ascidians.- 2.2 Amphibians.- 2.3 Mammals.- 3 The Cytoskeleton in the Early Development of Nonchordates.- 3.1 Annelids.- 3.2 Oligochaetes.- 3.3 Nematodes.- 3.4 Insl$