Elegantly and engagingly written, this study demonstrates how opera has communicated with its diverse audiences over time.Situating opera within social, historical and aesthetic contexts, this study focuses on the experience of audiences and individuals over time. Lindenberger uses insights from diverse areas such as recent neuroscience and social thought to rethink the nature of opera, exemplifying opera studies as an emerging field of interdisciplinary study.Situating opera within social, historical and aesthetic contexts, this study focuses on the experience of audiences and individuals over time. Lindenberger uses insights from diverse areas such as recent neuroscience and social thought to rethink the nature of opera, exemplifying opera studies as an emerging field of interdisciplinary study.Setting opera within a variety of contexts social, aesthetic, historical Lindenberger illuminates a form that has persisted in recognizable shape for over four centuries. The study examines the social entanglements of opera, for example the relation of Mozart's Abduction from the Seraglio and Verdi's Il trovatore to its initial and later audiences. It shows how modernist opera rethought the nature of theatricality and often challenged its viewers by means of both musical and theatrical shock effects. Using recent experiments in neuroscience, the book demonstrates how different operatic forms developed at different periods to create new ways of exciting a public. Lindenberger considers selected moments of operatic history from Monteverdi's Orfeo to the present to study how the form has communicated with its diverse audiences. Of interest to scholars and operagoers alike, this book advocates and exemplifies opera studies as an active, emerging area of interdisciplinary study.Prologue. Why opera? Why (how, where) situate?; 1. Anatomy of a war horse: Il trovatore from A to Z; 2. On opera and society (assuming a relationship); 3. Opera and the novel: antithetical or complemel³o