The doctrine of the two truths--a conventional truth and an ultimate truth--is central to Buddhist metaphysics and epistemology. The two truths (or two realities), the distinction between them, and the relation between them is understood variously in different Buddhist schools and is of special importance to the Madhyamaka school. The fundamental ideas are articulated with particular force by Nagarjuna (2nd--3rd century CE) who famously claims that the two truths are identical to one another, and yet distinct. One of the most influential interpretations of Nagarjuna's difficult doctrine derives from the commentary of Candrakirti (6th century CE). While much attention has been devoted to explaining the nature of the ultimate truth in view of its special soteriological role, less has been paid to understanding the nature of conventional truth, which is often described as deceptive, illusion, or truth for fools. But conventional truth is nonetheless truth. This book therefore asks, what is true about conventional truth? and What are the implications of an understanding of conventional truth for our lives?
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments Preface 1. An Introduction to Conventional Truth Guy Newland and Tom J F Tillemans 2. Taking Conventional Truth Seriously: Authority Regarding Deceptive Reality Jay L Garfield 3. Prasangika Epistemology in Context Sonam Thakch?e 4. Weighing the Butter, Levels of Explanation and Falsification: Models of the Conventional in Tsongkhapa's Account of Madhyamaka Guy Martin Newland 5. Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dgag bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Madhyamikas Jay L Garfield and Sonam Thakch?e 6. Can a Madhyamaka be a Skeptic? The Case of Patsab Nyimadrak Georges Dreyfus 7. Madhyamaka and Classical Greek Skepticism Georges Dreyfus and Jay L Garfield 8. The (Two) Truths about Truth Graham Priest, Mark Siderits and Toml“p