Jim Crow Moves North The Battle over Northern School Segregation, 1865}}}1954 [Hardcover]

Examining why any northern communities engaged in school segregation and how this was challenged.Most observers have assumed that school segregation in the United States was exclusively a southern phenomenon. In fact, many northern communities, until the middle of the twentieth century, engaged in explicit southern style school segregation whereby black children were assigned to colored schools and white children to white schools. This book examines why so many northern communities did engage in school segregation (in violation of state laws that prohibited such segregation) and how northern blacks challenged this illegal activity.Most observers have assumed that school segregation in the United States was exclusively a southern phenomenon. In fact, many northern communities, until the middle of the twentieth century, engaged in explicit southern style school segregation whereby black children were assigned to colored schools and white children to white schools. This book examines why so many northern communities did engage in school segregation (in violation of state laws that prohibited such segregation) and how northern blacks challenged this illegal activity.Most observers have assumed that school segregation in the United States was exclusively a southern phenomenon. In fact, many northern communities, until recently, engaged in explicit southern style school segregation whereby black children were assigned to colored schools and white children to white schools. Davison Douglas examines why so many northern communities did engage in school segregation (in violation of state laws that prohibited such segregation) and how northern blacks challenged this illegal activity. He analyzes the competing visions of black empowerment in the northern black community as reflected in the debate over school integration.1. Introduction; 2. The struggle for black education in the antebellum north; 3. Legislative reform: banning school segregation, 186590; 4. Tlƒ#