John Law (1671-1729) left a remarkable legacy of economic concepts from a time when economic conceptualization was very much at an embryonic stage. Yet he is best known-and generally dismissed-today as a rake, duellist, and gambler. This intellectual biography offers a new approach to Law, one that shows him to have been a significant economic theorist with a vision that he attempted to implement as policy in early-eighteenth-century Europe. Law's style, marked by a clarity and use of modern terminology, stands out starkly against the turgid prose of many of his contemporaries. His vision of a monetary and financial system was certainly one of a later age, for Law believed in an economy of banknotes and credit where specie had no role to play. Ultimately Law failed as a policy-maker, in part because of the entrenchment of the financiers and their aristocratic backers and in part because of theoretical flaws in his vision. His struggle for power took place against the background of Europe's first major stock boom and collapse. The collapse of the Mississippi System, which he had conceived, and the South Sea Bubble led to a lasting impression of Law as a failure. It is this impression that Antoin Murphy seeks to dispel.
1. Introduction 2. Law's Writing and his Critics 3. Law's Background 4. Duelling Beaux 5. The 'Gambling' Banker 6. Metamorphosis: John Law the Economist 7. The Edinburgh Environment in 1705 8. Money and Trade 9. The Conceptualization of the System 10. France 1714-1715 11. The Establishment of the General Bank 12. The Establishment of the Company of the West 13. The Slow Development of the System 14. The Rise and Rise of the Mississippi Company, 1719 15. A Specie-less France, 1720 16. The Lull before the Storm 17. The Measures of 21 May 1720 18. Law the Improviser 19. Requiem for the Banknote 20. The Possibility of a Recall to France 21. Death in Venice Notes Bibliography