A vivid and comprehensive picture of the current state of research in all directions of logic and philosophy of science. The book presents a wide combination of papers containing relevant technical results in the foundations of science and papers devoted to conceptual analyses, deeply rooted in advanced present-day research. Audience: The volume is attractive both for specialists in foundational questions and scholars interested in general epistemology.Selected Contributed Papers of the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Florence, August 1995A vivid and comprehensive picture of the current state of research in all directions of logic and philosophy of science. The book presents a wide combination of papers containing relevant technical results in the foundations of science and papers devoted to conceptual analyses, deeply rooted in advanced present-day research. Audience: The volume is attractive both for specialists in foundational questions and scholars interested in general epistemology.Editorial. Part I: Epistemology and Philosophy of Language. A Realism, Idealism, and General Terms; E. Bencivenga. From Normal Machine to Social Colony: Toward a Complex Dynamical Philosophy of Science; W.E. Herfel, C.A. Hooker. Observation and Reliable Detection; P. Humphreys. Conceptual Idealism and Stove's Gem; A. Musgrave. Holism in Artificial Intelligence; C. Penco. Part II: Philosophy of Probability. Model Selection for Causal Theories; B. Desjardins. Nonstandard Analysis and a Classification of Probability Spaces; S. Fajardo. Some Remarks on Objective Chance (F.P. Ramsey, K.R. Popper and N.R. Campbell); M.C. Galavotti. Misapprehensions about Significance Tests and Bayesianism; M.G. Sandrini. Part III: Philosophy and Foundations of Physics. The Quantum Probabilistic Approach to the Foundations of Quantum Theory: Urns and Chameleons; L. lc,