Examination of laws to protect civilians in internal armed conflict, from the nineteenth century onwards.There is considerable writing on the laws designed to regulate war, but most of this material is devoted to international wars between different states. Lindsay Moir here examines the laws which exist to protect civilians caught up in armed conflicts within a single state. The book traces the development of international law from the nineteenth century, up to events arising from the conflicts in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia; how human rights can offer protection during armed conflict; and how effectively (and by whom) the relevant rules can be enforced.There is considerable writing on the laws designed to regulate war, but most of this material is devoted to international wars between different states. Lindsay Moir here examines the laws which exist to protect civilians caught up in armed conflicts within a single state. The book traces the development of international law from the nineteenth century, up to events arising from the conflicts in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia; how human rights can offer protection during armed conflict; and how effectively (and by whom) the relevant rules can be enforced.There is considerable writing on the laws designed to regulate war, but most of this material is devoted to international wars between different states. Lindsay Moir examines the laws which exist to protect civilians caught up in armed conflicts within a single state. This book traces the development of international law from the nineteenth century, up to events arising from the conflicts in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. It demonstrates how human rights can offer protection during armed conflict and how effectively (and by whom) the relevant rules can be enforced.Preface and acknowledgements; Table of cases; Table of treaties and other international instruments; 1. The historical regulation of internal armed conflict; 2. Article 3 common to the Geneva Conlcī