Manual of Clinical Nephrology of the Rogosin Kidney Center [Paperback]

1. Evaluation of patients with renal disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Identifying Renal Disease.- 2.1. History.- 2.2. Family history.- 2.3. Physical examination.- 2.4. Urinalysis.- 2.5. The chemical data base.- 2.6. Radiologic techniques.- 2.7. Percutaneous renal biopsy.- 2.8. Risks and cost of procedures.- 3. Syndromes of Renal Disease.- 3.1. Acute renal failure.- 3.2. Chronic renal failure.- 3.3. Acute nephritic syndrome.- 3.4. Nephrotic syndrome.- 3.5. Urinary tract infection.- 3.6. Obstructive nephropathy.- 3.7. Renal tubular dysfunction.- 3.8. Nephrolithiasis.- 3.9. Accelerated hypertension.- 4. Conclusion.- 2. Disorders of water, sodium and potassium metabolism.- 1. Maintenance of Osmotic Homeostasis.- 1.1. General considerations.- 1.2. Free-water clearance.- 1.3. Renal concentrating and diluting mechanisms.- 1.4. Antidiuretic hormone.- 1.5. Summary of requirements for maximum water diuresis $$\left( } \right)$$.- 2. Clinical States Associated with Hypo-osmolality.- 2.1. True dilutional hyponatremia.- 2.2. Renal failure.- 2.3. Decreased delivery of filtrate to diluting segment of the nephron.- 2.4. Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH).- 2.5 Drugs associated with impaired free-water clearance.- 2.6. Endocrine deficiencies.- 2.7. Reset osmostat.- 2.8. Summary of the diagnostic approach to hyponatremia.- 3. Hypernatremia and Disorders of Urine Concentration.- 3.1. Low circulating levels of ADH.- 3.2. Renal tubular hyporesponsiveness to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).- 3.3. Diagnostic approach to the patient with a disorder of urinary concentration.- 4. Disorders of Sodium Metabolism.- 4.1. Determinants of renal sodium excretion.- 4.2. Sodium retaining states (edema).- 4.3. Diuretic therapy.- 5. Disorders of Potassium Metabolism.- 5.1. Internal potassium balance.- 5.2. External potassium balance.- 5.3. Hyperkalemia.- 5.4. Hypokalemia.- 3. Acid-base disturbances.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Physiologic buffers.- 1.2. Respiratory control of pH.- 1.3. Rl3k